MODERN TYPES OF STEERING DRIVES AND THEIR STRUCTURAL FEATURES

• Yuldashev Abdusamat Khalimovich,Ikromjon Erkinov Bakhrom ugli,Tillaboyev Davronbek Bahodirjon ugli

  PhD, Professor Andijan State Technical Institute,Assistant, Andijan State Technical Institute,Andijan State Technical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan 4th-year student, Energy Mechanical Engineering

  Author

Steering drive systems form the main mechanical and electromechanical interface between the driver and the road wheels of a vehicle. Their structural design directly affects controllability, manoeuvrability, energy consumption and road safety. Objective: The purpose of this article is to analyse the modern types of steering drives and to compare their structural features, advantages and limitations. Methods: A comparative technical review was conducted on mechanical steering, hydraulic power steering (HPS), electric power steering (EPS), Steer-by-Wire (SbW), and hybrid steering solutions on the basis of automotive design literature and functional classification. Results: Mechanical steering systems are simple, reliable and inexpensive but require greater driver effort. HPS systems improve steering comfort by using hydraulic pressure, although they increase fuel consumption and require fluid maintenance. EPS systems reduce energy losses and allow electronic control of steering assistance according to vehicle speed and driving conditions. SbW and hybrid systems represent the most advanced direction because they reduce mechanical components and integrate well with automated driving functions. Conclusion: The development trend of modern steering systems is moving from purely mechanical and hydraulic solutions toward electronically controlled EPS, SbW and hybrid systems that provide higher efficiency, better safety and wider integration with intelligent vehicle control technologies.

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